When data is transmitted from one device to another device, the system does not guarantee whether the data received by the device is identical to the data transmitted by another device. Data Link layer uses Error control techniques to ensure that frames i.e, bit streams of data, are transmitted from the source to destination with a certain extent of accuracy.
Error
When bits are transmitted over the computer network, they are subject to get corrupted due to interference and network problems. The corrupted bits leads spurious data being received by the destination are called "Errors".
Errors are the condition when the receiver's information does not match with the sender's information. During transmission, digital signals suffer from noise that can introduce errors in the binary bits travelling from sender to receiver. That means a 0 bit change to 1 or 1 bit may be change to 0.
Types of Errors
Errors can be of 3 types namely Single Bit Error, Multiple Bit Error and Burst Error.
1. Single Bit Error: If in the received frame, only one bit has been corrupted, means either changed from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0 then this type of error is called Single Bit Error.
2. Multiple Bit Error: If in the received frame , more than one bits are corrupted then this type of error is called Multiple Bit Error.
3. Burst Error: If in the received frame, more than one consecutive bits are corrupted then this type of error is called Burst Error.
The duration of noise in Burst Error is more than the duration of noise in Single-Bit Error.
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