Computer Network
A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications.
A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is mainly of four types:
- LAN(Local Area Network)
- PAN(Personal Area Network)
- MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
- WAN(Wide Area Network)
LAN(Local Area Network)
Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building, office (Limited to few kilometres of area.)
LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, and Ethernet cables.
The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.Local Area Network provides higher security.
PAN(Personal Area Network)
Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area Network.Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and play stations.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries.
In MAN, various LAN's are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line.
The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).
MAN is used in communication between the banks in the city. It can be used in any organization to connect all the different branches of a city.
WAN(Wide Area Network)
A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries.A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans over a large geographical area through a telephone line, fiber optic cable or satellite links.
The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education.
Advantages Of Wide Area Network:
Following are the advantages of the Wide Area Network:
Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large geographical area. Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different city then we can connect with them through WAN. The internet provides a leased line through which we can connect with another branch.
Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is centralized. Therefore, we do not need to buy the emails, files or back up servers.
Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server. Therefore, the programmers get the updated files within seconds.
Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted fast. The web application like Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows you to communicate with friends.
Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network, we can share the software and other resources like a hard drive, RAM.
Global business: We can do the business over the internet globally.
Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:
The following are the disadvantages of the Wide Area Network:
Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as compared to LAN and MAN network as all the technologies are combined together that creates the security problem.
Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is transferred on the internet which can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so the firewall needs to be used. Some people can inject the virus in our system so antivirus is needed to protect from such a virus.
High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is high as it involves the purchasing of routers, switches.
Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the problem is difficult.
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