Encapsulation in Python

 Encapsulation

       Encapsulation is the process of making groups of objects. Encapsulation means binding variables and methods under single entity. In encapsulation code and data are wrapped together within a single unit.

     A class is an example of encapsulation as it encapsulates all the data that is member functions, variables etc.

    When a python class is created it contains the methods and the variable. Since it is the code in the methods that operates on the variable, in a properly encapsulated python class, method should define how member variables can be used. But that's where the things differ a bit in python from a language like java where we have "Access Modifier" like public, private , protected. In python there are no explicit access modifier and everything written with in the class(methods and variables) are public by default.

    for example in the class Person there are two variables as you can see those variables are accessed through a method as well as directly.

Example

class Person :

 

        def __init__(self, name,age=0):      # Constructor of the class

                self.name=name

                self.age=age

        def display(self):                            # Method definition

                print(self.name)

                print(self.age)

per=Person("technicalguptaji",27)           # Object creation 

per.display()                                         # Accessing using class method

print(per.name)                                

                                                            # Accessing directly from outside

print(per.age)

Output

technicalguptaji

27

technicalguptaji

27